Felix Nikolas Prehn's Podcast
Felix Nikolas Prehn is an economist and former investment banker. Felix — alongside his golden retriever Winston — interprets the economy and markets.
Felix Nikolas Prehn's Podcast
Gold As Money: Why Every Civilisation Chose It
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Gold has served as money for five millennia, yet most people misunderstand its role in a modern portfolio. In this episode Felix Nikolas Prehn, economist and former investment banker, argues that gold is not an investment but a store of value, a measuring stick that exposes the declining purchasing power of fiat currencies. He traces the history from the Bretton Woods agreement through the 1971 Nixon shock, showing how the US dollar has lost roughly 93 per cent of its value since the gold link was severed. He then examines why central banks bought over 1,000 tonnes of gold in 2025, driven by de-dollarisation, sanctions risk and sovereign debt concerns. Felix concludes that gold functions as a lie detector for governments and that the current macro shift deserves serious attention.
In this episode:
00:00 Why every major civilisation chose gold as money
02:00 Properties that make gold suited to be money
05:00 Gold is a store of value, not an investment
08:50 Bretton Woods and the dollar gold peg
11:30 Nixon ends convertibility in 1971
15:00 How money printing erodes purchasing power
19:00 Central banks buying record amounts of gold
26:00 Risks and opportunities in holding gold and silver
Sources mentioned:
Federal Reserve, https://www.federalreserve.gov
World Gold Council, https://www.gold.org
International Monetary Fund, https://www.imf.org
Bank for International Settlements, https://www.bis.org
COMEX (CME Group), https://www.cmegroup.com
Felix Nikolas Prehn is an economist and former investment banker. He co-founded TradeVision.io and founded Winston Daily and The Prehn Institute. The Prehn Institute gives no financial advice, and neither does this podcast.
Newsletter: Winston Daily, https://winstondaily.com
Research: https://prehninstitute.com
Author site: https://felixprehn.com
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For 5,000 years, every major civilization on Earth agreed on the same thing. Egyptians, Romans, Chinese dynasties, the Ottoman Empire, the British Empire, all of them across different continents, different languages, different gods, they all landed on the same answer, gold. Gold is money. Then about 50 years ago, a handful of governments got together and said, "Nah, we've got a better idea. Trust us. This paper stuff here is money now. And here's the thing, that paper experiment, it's starting to fail. And the people who don't understand why gold matters are going to be the ones left wondering what happened to their savings, their purchasing power, and their retirement. So today, I'm going to make sure that's not you. My name is Felix Prin. I'm an ex investment banker and an economist. And today we're going to dive deep on gold. I don't mean should you buy gold like everybody talks about that all day long but what is gold really? Why did every civilization choose it and what does it tell us about the money in your pocket right now? So here's what we're covering here. Three parts. One, what gold actually is and why it is not an investment the way you think it is. two, what happens in 1971 and why your dollar has lost over 90% of its value since and then guess what central banks are doing right now with gold and what that means for you and your portfolio. If that sounds good, let's get into it. But first, I put together a about a 20 or 30 page gold research report for you. It covers everything in this video plus the data, the charts, the historical timeline allocation frameworks, all of it to really get you up to an investment banking framework of understanding gold. And it's free. There's no catch. There's a link in the description below. You just join our free community. There are well over 30,000 people in there. And you just read it, grab it, right? Links down below in the description. Now, what is gold really? So my mentor years ago told me something that kind of rewired how I think about money. And he said something like, "Felix, follow what can't be printed." That was it. Five words. Follow what can't be printed. And once you hear that, you actually can't unhar it. It changes how you look at everything. Stocks, real estate, Bitcoin, and especially gold. Because here's the question nobody really asks. Out of every element on the periodic table, you remember that in school, that horrible table you had to remember. There are 118 elements, why did humanity pick gold? Was it random? Was it just pretty? It's shiny. No. It turns out, no. It turns out gold is almost engineered to be money. And let me show you. First, it does not corrode. Gold doesn't rust. It doesn't tarnish. It doesn't react with air or water. You can literally pull a gold coin out of a shipwreck after 400 years on the ocean floor. And it looks basically the same. Try that with iron. Try that with copper. Right? They fall apart. They disintegrate. And second, it is divisible. Is that how you say that? Obviously, I have trouble spelling it. But what it means is you can melt it, you can cut it, you can shape it into coins, bars, tiny flakes. It doesn't lose its property. Every piece is as pure as the whole one. And then third, it is, and here's another word we don't use very often, malleable. What does that mean? Well, one ounce of gold can be hammered into a sheet that'll cover like a 100 square feet. You can make it into wire thinner than a human hair. It's workable. And then fourth, and this is really the the key one here, it is actually scarce. It can't be created. It can't be synthesized like diamonds. It can't be printed. You have to dig it out of the ground. And there is only so much of it. Now, here's the number that blows people's mind. Are you ready for this? If you're ready for this, put a radio in the comments down below. All the gold ever mined in human history. All of it going back thousands of years. Every pharaoh's tombs, every central bank vault, every wedding ring, every Olympic medal. I don't think they're fully gold anymore, by the way. If you melted it all down into one big cube, it would fit in it would fit inside three and a half Olympic swimming pools. That's it. just three and a half Olympic swimming pools, which isn't really all that much, is it? Eight billion people. And we have three and a half Olympic pools of gold in the world. That surprises you. Put a I'm surprised in the comments down below because I want to make sure that lands for you. But this is important. You need to understand a distinction that most people, even most financial people, get wrong. Gold is not an investment. And why is it not an investment? The gold people are going nuts right now. Give me a second. An investment is something that generates cash flow. A rental property generates rent. A stock generates earnings. A bond pays interest. Gold just sits there. It doesn't do anything. Doesn't pay you a dividend. It doesn't grow revenue. So what is it? Gold is one thing. Gold is money. It is a store of value. It's a measuring stick. It's the thing that reveals whether your other money, the paper stuff, the digital stuff, your real estate, whether it's actually holding it value or not. And here is a here's a thought that a Roman soldier, a centurion, sort of a seniorish soldier, 2,000 years ago, he earned about 1 ounce of gold per month. That was a pretty good salary back then. I mean, he was out there killing people. He had to get paid. He was a professional soldier. He was a middleclass soldier. Now, one ounce of gold in Rome would buy you a quality toga, a a leather belt, and a pair of sandals. Essentially, a very high quality nice outfit, like a like a quality suit today. Right now, fast forward 2,000 years, and an ounce of gold today is what is it? 4,000 in and something right now, right? Good give or take. Uh what does what does it say here? At the time I'm recording this about 4,700. Obviously, this is going to change. This is a a a golden nettles news and data service that we have which something you super happy to to to to join if you wish. There's a link down below. It's about $6 a week. If you don't like it, you can cancel anytime. One of the things we look at, for example, is like what are all the central banks in the world doing, right? And we'll maybe touch upon that a little bit here. You can see, you know, the Germans were selling some, for example, or, you know, Turkey, big big sell off there and so on. And that's quite useful. But let's get back to the story. If you think about what does $4,000 buy you today, it buys you a good suit, right? maybe from a nice brand or a tailor and then a nice pair of high quality shoes and a nice pair of a nice nice belt and maybe a shirt and and a tie with it and you're pretty much there. Now, can you get it cheaper? Yes, of course you can. But you could also in Roman times, but the centurion had a standard, right? So, literally 2,000 years ago, an ounce of gold buys pretty much the same thing. Gold didn't go up. It didn't perform well. Gold actually stayed the same. It's the dollar that moved. It's the paper lost value. Gold is just sitting there being gold doing what it's done for 5,000 years telling you the truth about your currency, what it's actually worth. If that clicks for you, put that in the comments down below. You know, write clicks or or soldier in the comments down below because gold is money. It is not an invest. All right. So, gold is money. Real money. The kind that worked for literally 5,000 years. So, what the heck happened? How did we end up with you know this stuff here, the piece of papers? Sometimes cotton, sometimes plastic, whatever with a bit of ink on it. How did this become money? Well, let me walk you through it because the history is actually wild and insanely important to understand so you can make better decisions today. And I promise by the end of this section, you're going to look at every dollar in your wallet or in your bank account. very very different. So before 1971, the US dollar wasn't a piece of paper. It was a receipt. Literally, if you had a dollar, you had a claim on gold. You could walk into a bank and say, "I'd like my gold, please." And they'd give it to you. The dollar was backed by hard physical gold. The money was gold. The gold is just a little heavy to carry around. And cutting it into pieces was annoying. So we had paper is more convenient. Right now this system got formalized after World War II. 1944 Bretton Woods, New Hampshire. I haven't been I've been to New Hampshire, which is lovely, but not to Breton Woods. Anyway, 44 countries got together and said, "All right, the US has most of the world's gold because the US was actually the major beneficiary of the war. So the US dollar will be pegged to gold." And they said$35 is one ounce of gold. And you wish you would have or gold at the price of$35 right now, right? Put 35 in the comments down below. And every other currency is going to be pegged as in linked to the dollar. So the go the dollar was as good as gold. So that phrase comes from. And every other currency was as good as the dollar. So the whole global financial system was anchored to this one physical thing that couldn't be printed, couldn't be faked, it couldn't be inflated away. I had wept for a while. 50s, early 60s, we had stability, growth. The American middle class was built during that period. And the gold standard was the foundation. And then the 60s happened. Vietnam, the war was expensive, very expensive. The Great Society programs kicked in, also very expensive. And the US government was spending more than it had, a lot more. And here's the problem with a gold standard. You can't print your way out of it. If you're spending more than you, if you're spending more, you need more dollars. If you need more dollars, you need more gold. And there wasn't more gold. So other countries started to notice. And one country in particular called the bluff. France char the French president essentially said, "We don't trust that you have enough gold to back up all these dollars you're printing. We want our gold. Ship it over." in France literally sent a warship a warship to New York to collect their gold from the Federal Reserve vault. That's not a metaphor. They literally sent a navy vessel to pick up gold bars when other countries started lining up. Britain, others, everybody wanted their gold. So it was a run on the bank of banks except the bank was the United States of America. So on August 15th, 1971, Richard Nixon went on television and interrupted Bonanza. That must have been a shock for Americans. And he said, "We are temporarily suspending the convertability of the dollar into gold." 54 years ago, still temporary, apparently. So, in one speech on a Sunday night while interrupting a cowboy show, the link between the dollar and gold was severed forever after. The anchor was cut. And from that point forward, the dollar wasn't backed by gold. It was backed by silver. Nope. Backed by anything? Not really. It's backed by a promise, a signature, really, a government's promise. And that's what we call feared currency. feared um cheap Italian car but it's actually Latin Latin but it's actually Latin for let it be you know like John Lennon the money has value because the government says it has value that's it that's the whole thing feared currency trust us it's worth something and maybe you're saying look I it but it works doesn't it I mean I buy stuff with dollars every day what's the freaking problem here why are you drilling on about this But the problem isn't that it doesn't work. The problem is what it does to you over time. And that's section three. So let's make this make this visual for you. 1971. A dollar was essentially gold. Now gold is limited in supply. Tell me what you think of my handwriting. You can't print unlimited dollars. So what does it mean? It means trying to get this all on a half a screen. It means stable prices because they're only so many dollars and therefore we don't really get inflation. Gold is scarce. Scarcity limits printing. Limited printing means your prices don't go nuts. Your savings hold their value. Your paycheck buys roughly the same stuff year after year. And then we get after 1971. Dollar is now basically backed by nothing. nothing than a promise. Some say by the might of the American military and all that. Yeah, but that's just to make you feel better, right? There is no limit on how many dollars you can print. So what do governments do? Governments print whenever they feel like it, right? All the time. 2000 2001 2008 co every time they there is something a bit wrong in the world they say I just print money it'll fix everything everybody get more dollars everybody be happy everybody will love me what happens prices go up and up and up and up right and that is what we call inflation they go up forever that's the whole story everything else the inflation debate the national debt the cost of living all that flows from this one change. You cut the anchor and the ship drifts. And we've been drifting for 50 odd years. So, let me show you what that actually looks like in real numbers. There's a chart from the Fed. In 1981, there were about $860 billion, right? And then, and they've discontinued this me this measure, by the way, because it gets embarrassing. But in 2021, we had 22,000. Yeah. So, we went up like 30 times. And then the new measure still shows us at about that level. It makes me wonder why they discontinued the old one. Probably because it keeps keeps going up and up. And and yes, this crazy increase here, this sort of hockey stick thing. That was co the US government printed 40% of all the dollars in existence in just 18 months. 40% of all the dollars. The dollar has been around for like 100 plus years and in just 18 months 40% of the dollars that are around right now they're printed in 18 months. Right? So what does that do to the value of the thing? A 1971 is today worth how much? How much do you think it's worth? Go on, put it in the chats down below. I'll give you one, two, three seconds to do that. $1. So that was a hundred cents, right? Then today that same dollar is worth about 7 cents. It's a demolition of the value of the gold. Think about what that means for your parents, your grandparents. Somebody who saved diligently in the 70s, they put that money in the bank and they did, you know, the right thing. That money has lost 93% of its purchasing power. 93% down. It's not because they did anything wrong. It's because the rules changed and they didn't realize it. Now, maybe you still think this doesn't affect you, but when the government prints money, whether it's to pay for wars, stimulus checks, bank bailouts, you know, uh whatever, obviously the bank bailouts are required. You know, I had some friends who worked at Lehman Brothers, they um were pretty hit hit pretty hard. I mean, some of them uh delayed the purchase of a of a new Ferrari, right? So, you know, they deserve the bailout money. Um, but that new money in all seriousness, what does it do? It dilutes the value of the money you have, it's the same as if a company issued a billion new shares of stock. Now, you still have shares that don't disappear, but that is worth less because they're more often. Inflation is not prices going up. Inflation is your money going down. And that creates one of the biggest quietest wealth transfers in history. From whom? The money goes from savers to who? Borrowers. And that's an odd concept. Literally the money goes from the responsible people to the people who are borrowing money. It also goes from people who are holding cash to people who have assets. So it goes essentially from the working class to the asset owning class. So if you're in a house, gold, stocks, inflation will lift your net worth. You will look more wealthy. But if you're saving in cash, if you're working for a wage, inflation eats you alive. And maybe you've noticed that, right? If you notice that, put it down below in the comments. Does it slowly, very quietly, every single year. And none of that was possible when money was actually gold. Right now, let me show you what's happening right now that almost nobody's talking about because here is where it gets uh puzzling and maybe a little hypocritical. For decades, decades, central bankers, finance ministers, treasury officials, they called gold a barbarous relic. Literally, that's a quote, by the way. It goes back to Ke lunatic, lefty economist. Um, we had to study that nonsense. And they said gold is outdated. Gold is a is a pet rock. Gold has no place in the modern financial system where we have to bail out the bankers every decade. No. What they're doing right now, this year, central banks around the world, actually last year, central banks around the world caught about, let me pull up the exact data for you. I go into my market intel thing here. Um, where you can see what institutions are doing with gold and silver every single week. um and and and the Comx inventories and all that kind of stuff which is an interesting frightful chart. But what you can also see is central banks in 2025 bought a thousand over a thousand tons of gold which is pretty crazy. And we've seen that accelerate 2022 to 2023 to 2024 to 2025 record purchase after purchase. So who's buying it? Poland, China, Brazil, Turkey India Kazakhstan everybody. especially the emerging markets. Why are they doing it? Three reasons. Reason number one, dd dollararization. These countries are reducing their dependence on the US dollar just like 71. They don't trust the dollar as much. And why? Because gold doesn't have a foreign policy. Gold isn't going to in invade you. Gold can't be printed by someone else to pay their, you know, war bills. Second reason, sanctions risk. And this is huge. After Russia invaded Ukraine in 2022, the US and Western allies froze about $300 billion dollars of Russia's foreign reserves that were held mostly in US dollars, right? So, if you're Russia, you're like, that's not good. Now, what if you're any other country in the world? You're like, well, they did it to Russia. They could do it to me if I do something that they don't like. you know, I decide to become a despot and invade somebody, which you know, some of these countries might have aspirations towards. So, if you're these countries and you hold all your money in all your reserves, all your savings essentially in dollars, what are you going to do? You're like, how about we just buy gold and store it in the basement? That way, they can't get to it. They can't sanction it. They can't freeze it. And they can't click a button and make it disappear. And then the third reason is debt. Central bankers can read a chart. They can see that the US has, you know, close to 40 trillion in debt, a trillion every 100 days is being added. And they're looking at that and they're going, and they're not doing this publicly, obviously, not a press conference because they don't want to, you know, piss off the great big American bear, but um in the allocation decisions, they're basically hedging. And if they're saying maybe we should just hold a little more of the thing that's worked for the last 5,000 years just in case the 50-year experiment gets, you know, rocky. And for those of you who've been in the gold for a little while, you know, we've had a really beautiful ride, right? We made a lot of money on gold. Year on year, as I'm recording this, we're up about 65%. And the physical stuff is getting scarcer. You can see that the COMX levels here have come down very significantly of how much gold they actually hold in the last 12 months. Similar story for silver. But when you zoom out and you think about when was the last time central banks and Wall Street banks were this aligned on the same trade. Think about central banks are buying gold hundreds and hundreds of tons. Investment banks are raising the price targets for gold to you know 5,000 6,000 and retail demand is climbing. So everybody agrees, the People's Bank of China, JP Morgan Chase, the Fed, the polls, you know, everybody, which is kind of curious and possibly a bullcase scenario. Now, I'm not a financial adviser. I'm not telling you what to do. I just want to make sure you really understand what's going on here with gold so you have the full picture. Um, before you run out and put all your money into it, which I don't encourage you to do in any way, shape, or form, let me give you the risks and the opportunities here because you wanted to understand both so you can be honest with yourself. Now, before we do that, you might have gotten this far. You might be like, "Okay, but I need to know like when do I buy this?" Right? Was it a buy now? Was it a sell now? Right? And if that's you, um, I've got something for you, too, which is a 15minute master class you can watch at felix.org/getfree, /getfree which will literally tell you Wall Street's framework for deciding when they buy and why. It's very simple. So three steps. You can learn it in 15 minutes. felix.org/getree. It's completely free. Part of our mission here to make more people financially independent. So what are the risks? Well, if you hold cash because you're waiting for, I don't know, some sort of nana off the stock market and you think, well, the cash is safe, right? It's safe. It's safe. Yes. Yes. Yes. Yes. Yes. In the short term, you're right. But in the long term, your cash is a guaranteed loser. Remember that $971? It's worth seven cents today. So, if you got lots of money sitting in a savings account, that's getting you 1 2 3% maybe interest. Inflation is running at a much much higher. So, you're losing purchasing power every single year. It's a slow bleed and you don't feel it dayto-day which is the dangerous part but you'll feel it when you try to buy a house in five or 10 years. You will feel it when you retire and the numbers don't quite add up. Right? Cash is not safe. Cash is a slow guaranteed bleed and the longer you sit in it the more it's going to cost you. The second risk is ignoring the macro shift. Right? The world is changing. We've got ddollarization. Dollar reserves have dropped significantly. There's a lot going on in the whole world here. And you know, we we we we track a lot of the stuff that's going on, like what's going on in the med Middle East right now or, you know, whatever. And um as long as it's related back to, you know, gold and silver prices and so on, we we put it in here. You can literally see everything, energy, infrastructure, you know, tropical storms, central bank buying and selling and all that kind of stuff. Even uh even earthquakes because they're important if they happen, you know, near near um important mines, for example. But a big part of the world, the BRICS countries are looking at creating a non-dollar world. It's not a conspiracy theory. It's actually data from the IMF and the World Gold Council and, you know, the Bank of International Settlement and and all these other lovely organizations that have your best interest at heart. Trust me. Um, now you don't have to believe the dollar is going to collapse. I don't think it is. Not tomorrow, not next year. But if you are not even aware of this slow shift, just like the cash in your savings account, it's gradually losing its importance and its status. But there is a third risk here, and that's buying gold the wrong way. Not all gold is the same. There's physical gold, there are ETFs, they're mining stocks, they're future contracts, and they're all different instruments with different risk profiles. So, you need to understand all of those things together. and you wanted me to go into that, let me know that in the comments down below and we can make a follow-up video of that of that as well. But let me walk you through the opportunities, right? Opportunity side, the happy side, physical gold and gold ETFs. That's sort of your your foundation. And a lot of people are suggesting 5 to 15% allocation. I'm not telling you what to do. It depends on who you are and and and your financial setup generally. But it's sort of a financial insurance policy. Sovereign wealth funds, family officers, you know, they hold somewhere in that range, typically five to 15%. Not 50%, not zero, not 90%. And if you hold that in physical gold, coins, bars, you hold it. Nobody can take it from you. But unless they break in, you know, um, but you can of course store it in a storage venue, which is what I would recommend if it becomes a serious amount. And that's the downside. You need to insure it. It doesn't generate any income. Now, they're gold ETFs. There are things like GLD or IAU. They give you gold exposure without having to store it. They're liquid. They're cheap. They track the price. But the downside is you are trusting a financial institution. You don't hold the metal. And then we have gold mining stocks, right? This is where it gets interesting for people who want potentially more upside and and and and are happy to to trade a bit more actively. And that's one of the things we we track significantly in here in terms of what's going on with the with the gold miners and so on. There's a there's a live update here every single day which walks you through that and and and runs you through. There's a free newsletter in there as well in the community with a with a daily brief and so on. And and a mining company, the beautiful thing with a mining company is this has more risk by the way, but the way to look at that is it's just a leveraged play on gold. And then of course we have silver. And silver is interesting for the simple reasons that there is very very little supply of it. Look at the comx inventory here. It's absolutely collapsing. And that is because it isn't just a money metal. There's a significant industrial demand for it. Electronics, solar panels, medical devices, all that stuff needs silver. Now there is something called the gold to silver ratio. like how many ounces of silver it takes to buy an ounce of gold. And when that ratio is very high, like 80 or 90, it typically means silver is really cheap and then it sort of snaps back. Right now it's sitting at 62. It's about average. So it isn't is neither sort of really overvalued or undervalued historically speaking, but in my humble opinion, the industrial demand is is is is pretty significant. Again, you have to actually come to your own conclusions there. And one way we see that is the physical silver premiums are significantly above the the paper price. Now, my hope is that this video has given you a much better and deeper insight into gold. I'm not a gold salesman. We never take sponsorships on this channel from anybody really. Um, yeah, really nobody ever. I got pitched by gold and silver miners every single day to interview the CEOs and that sort of thing. And I'll never do it because I like to be able to give you guys an independent view of of of it. Do I hold some gold and silver? Yes, I do. Maybe I should also put that in there as a disclaimer. But I just come back to what we started with 5,000 years. There were only three and a half Olympic size swimming pools of gold. We got 8 billion people and it's run the world for 5,000 years. And I don't think the last 50 years, which are a tiny blip in the space of time, have really changed that. So while gold isn't a magic solution, I think it is part of the answer. I think it is also a fire alarm. I mean, it goes off. It tells you something about the state of the world and the economy and everything else. The fact that central banks are buying it, fact that the US is adding a trillion dollars in debt every hundred days and that's probably going to accelerate is something that makes me think this is more important than people realize. And one of my mentors, I I learn everything I I know from my my uh Wall Street mentors and and he said to me, there is a newspaper moment for everything. So he said countries and and the dollar don't decline from one day to the next. They decline the way newspapers did. Newspapers lost readers slowly for years and years and years and even decades. And everyone said, "Oh, it's fine. It's fine. It's fine." And then suddenly one day they were gone. Decline was very gradual. And then suddenly most of the newspapers in the world disappeared. And the only ones around are the ones owned by billionaires because they like the influence it gives them. And I don't think you want to be the person reading about it in the newspaper, assuming newspapers will still exist at the time. You want to be the person who understood it before it was really really obvious because the market is ultimately about time frames. Right? So let me leave you with this. Gold is a 5,000year-old lie detector for governments. Doesn't care about politics. It doesn't care about elections. It doesn't care about press conferences or central banks. It sits there. It's very patient. Tells you the truth. When gold is rising, it's telling you something. It's telling you that somewhere somehow trust in the system is slipping away. And right now, gold is telling you that you can ignore it or you can understand it. And if you want to really go deeper, grab the free research report that we put out for you down below in the in the free community. And if you really want to understand more about the rules that Wall Street's been using for 50 years, coincidence on the timing perhaps when we buy what asset, what stock, gold or silver or anything else, go to felix/getfree, watch that free video that I made for you as well. And I love you watching. All the best. Did you know there is an invisible system that controls nearly every trade on the planet? And I don't mean supply and demand. I don't mean the Federal Reserve.